Yes, this is correct for most claims by employees. You must follow the first stage of the statutory grievance procedure - which consists of putting the grievance, complaint or claim in writing and sending it to your employer - and then wait 28 days before submitting your tribunal claim.
For more detail go to emplaw commentary at Grievance procedures .
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No. You can represent yourself, or use a trade union official, friend, relative, consultant, etc. In deciding how to conduct your case, you should bear in mind that employment law can be very complex and that it may be worth getting specialist advice in relation to your claim.
The Compensation Act 2006 will change this in the near future, except in cases where no charges are being made. A new "Regulator" will be required "....to authorise persons to provide regulated claims management services [and] to regulate the conduct of authorised persons". They will be required to adhere to a formal code of conduct. There will be exemptions to ensure that practising lawyers and Trade Unions which have their own code of conduct can continue to represent claimants.
For more detail go to emplaw commentary at Employment tribunals/representation of claimants and/or Acts of Parliament etc/Compensation Act 2006 .
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prepared Jan2007